NCRI ALTERNATIVE

   INTERNATIONAL POLICY DIGEST    |    Hossein Sadeghpour    |    October 6, 2025 Karl Marx famously wrote in The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, that history repeats itself—“the first time as tragedy, the second as farce” (“das eine Mal als Tragödie, das andere Mal als Farce”). His meditation on the French Revolutions of 1789…